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Objective:To evaluate the effects of inhalation of high-concentration hydrogen on acute kidney injury (AKI) and mitochondrial dynamics in septic mice.Methods:One hundred and twenty-eight male C57BL/6J mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=32 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group Sham), sham operation + hydrogen group (group Sham+ H), sepsis AKI group, and sepsis AKI+ hydrogen group (group S-AKI+ H). A mouse model of sepsis-induced AKI was developed by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized animals. In Sham+ H and S-AKI+ H groups, 67% H 2+ 33% O 2 was inhaled for 1 h starting from 1 and 6 h after sham operation or developing the model, respectively. Twenty mice were selected to observe the survival at 7 days after developing the model. At 24 h after developing the model, blood samples were collected for determination of serum BUN and Cr concentrations (by colorimetric analysis), and renal tissues were obtained for determination of the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (by spectrophotometry) and expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) (by Western blot). The damage to the renal tubules was scored after HE staining. Results:Compared with Sham group, the survival rate was significantly decreased, the serum BUN and Cr concentrations, renal tubular damage score and contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1 were increased, the activities of SOD and CAT were decreased, the expression of Drp1 was up-regulated, and the expression of Mfn2 was down-regulated in S-AKI group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in Sham+ H group ( P>0.05). Compared with S-AKI group, the survival rate was significantly increased, the serum BUN and Cr concentrations, renal tubular injury score and contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1 were decreased, the activities of SOD and CAT were increased, the expression of Drp1 was down-regulated, and the expression of Mfn2 was up-regulated in S-AKI+ H group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Inhalation of high-concentration hydrogen can alleviate AKI in septic mice, and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of renal mitochondrial fission and promotion of mitochondrial fusion.
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Objective:To evaluate the effects of inhaling high concentration hydrogen on myocardial injury and mitochondrial biogenesis in septic mice.Methods:One hundred and twenty-eight clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6J mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=32 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group Sham), sham operation + hydrogen group (group Sham+ H), sepsis group (group Sep), and sepsis+ hydrogen group (group Sep+ H). The sepsis model was developed by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized animals. In Sham+ H and Sep+ H groups, 67% H 2 was inhaled for 1 h starting from 1 and 6 h after operation, respectively. Twenty mice in each group were randomly selected to observe the survival conditions at 7 days after operation. Blood samples were taken from the remaining mice at 24 h after operation for determination of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), for examination of the pathological changes of myocardial tissues (by HE staining), and for determination of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (by fluorescence spectrophotometry), ATP content (by luciferase assay), and expression of myocardial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF2) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) (by Western blot). Results:Compared with Sham group, the survival rate was significantly decreased, the serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, cTnI and CK-MB and pathological score were increased, the MMP and content of ATP in myocardial mitochondria were decreased, and the expression of PGC-1α, NRF2 and TFAM in myocardial tissues was down-regulated in Sep group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in Sham+ H group ( P>0.05). Compared with group Sep, the survival rate was significantly increased, the serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, cTnI and CK-MB and pathological score were decreased, the MMP and content of ATP in myocardial mitochondria were increased, and the expression of PGC-1α, NRF2 and TFAM in myocardial tissues was up-regulated in group Sep+ H ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Inhaling high concentration hydrogen can attenuate sepsis-induced myocardial injury in mice, and the mechanism may be related to promotion of mitochondrial biosynthesis and improvement in mitochondrial function.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) on mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in hippocampus of mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE).Methods:One hundred and twenty-eight male C57BL/6J mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=32 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), sham operation plus HRS group (Sham+ HRS group), SAE group and SAE plus HRS group.Sepsis was developed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in anesthetized mice.HRS 10 ml/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 1 and 6 h after CLP in Sham+ HRS and SAE+ HRS groups.Twenty mice were randomly selected from each group to record the 7-day survival after operation.The working memory of the mice was observed by Y-maze test on days 3, 5 and 7 after CLP.The hippocampal tissues were obtained at 24 h after CLP for determination of the content of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (by spectrophotometry), and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF2), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) (by Western blot). Results:Compared with group Sham, the postoperative 7-day survival rate was significantly decreased, the time spent in novel arm was shortened, the contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 were increased, the activities of SOD and CAT were decreased, the expression of PGC-1α, NRF2 and Tfam was up-regulated, the expression of Drp1 was up-regulated, and the expression of Mfn2 was down-regulated in group SAE ( P<0.05). Compared with group SAE, the postoperative 7-day survival rate was significantly increased, the time spent in novel arm was prolonged, the contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 were decreased, the activities of SOD and CAT were increased, the expression of PGC-1α, NRF2 and Tfam was up-regulated, the expression of Drp1 was down-regulated, and the expression of Mfn2 was up-regulated in group SAE+ HRS ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which HRS alleviates SAE may be related to promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis, regulation of dynamics, and reduction of oxidative stress in hippocampus of mice.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of propofol on the sensitivity of glioma cells to temozolomide and the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)-growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in it.Methods:Human glioma cell line U251 were cultured in vitro and seeded in 6-, 24- or 96-well plates at a density of 1×10 5 cells/ml, and were divided into 5 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), temozolomide group (group T), propofol + temozolomide group (group PT), negative-siRNA + propofol + temozolomide group (group NPT) and GAS5-siRNA + propofol + temozolomide group (group GPT). The U251 cells in group C were cultured in the common culture medium.In group T, temozolomide 400 μmol/L was added to the culture medium.In group PT, the cells were cultured with propofol 8 μg/ml first and then with temozolomide 400 μmol/L.In group NPT and group GPT, U251 cells were transfected with negative-siRNA and GAS5-siRNA, respectively, and then cultured in the same way as previously described in group PT.The expression of lncRNA-GAS5 in U251 cells was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, the cell survival rate was measured by CCK-8 assay, the apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry, cell invasion was determined by Transwell invasion assay, and the expression of c-Myc, glutathione S-transferase mu 3 (GSTM3) and P21 was detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with group C, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased, the apoptosis rate was increased, the number of invasive cells was decreased, the expression of c-Myc and GSTM3 was down-regulated, and the expression of P21 and lncRNA-GAS5 was up-regulated in the other four groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group T, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased, the apoptosis rate was increased, the number of invasive cells was decreased, the expression of c-Myc and GSTM3 was down-regulated, and the expression of P21 and lncRNA-GAS5 was up-regulated in group PT and group NPT ( P<0.05). Compared with group PT, the cell survival rate was significantly increased, the apoptosis rate was decreased, the number of invasive cells was increased, the expression of c-Myc and GSTM3 was up-regulated, and the expression of P21 and lncRNA-GAS5 was down-regulated in group GPT ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group NPT ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Propofol can enhance the sensitivity of glioma cells to temozolomide, and the expression of lncRNA-GAS5 is involved in the process.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of high-concentration hydrogen inhalation on sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) in mice.Methods:Healthy male ICR mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=50 each) using the random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), SAE group, sham operation plus high-concentration hydrogen group (Sham+ H 2 group), and SAE plus high-concentration hydrogen group (SAE+ H 2 group). SAE model was prepared by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in anesthetized animals.At 1 and 6 h after operation, Sham+ H 2 and SAE+ H 2 groups inhaled the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen (67% hydrogen-33% oxygen) for 1 h, and Sham and SAE groups inhaled the mixture of nitrogen and oxygen (67% nitrogen-33% oxygen) for 1 h. The postoperative 7-day survival rate was recorded.Cognitive function was assessed by Y maze test at days 3, 5 and 7 after operation.The mice were sacrificed at 24 h after operation, and hippocampal tissues were obtained for microscopic examination of the pathological changes of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region (with a light microscope) and for determination of normal neuron count, contents of tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-α) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (by fluorescence spectrophotometry) and content of mitochondrial ATP (by fluorescein-fluorescent enzyme luminescence method). Results:Compared with Sham group, the 7-day survival rate after operation, percentage of spontaneous alternation at each time point after operation, and the number of normal neurons were significantly decreased, the contents of TNF-ɑ and HMGB1 were increased, and the contents of ATP and MMP were decreased in SAE and SAE+ H 2 groups ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in Sham+ H 2 group ( P>0.05). Compared with SAE group, the 7-day survival rate after operation, percentage of spontaneous alternation at each time point after operation, and the number of normal neurons were significantly increased, the contents of TNF-ɑ and HMGB1 were decreased, and the contents of ATP and MMP were increased in SAE+ H 2 group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:High-concentration hydrogen inhalation can reduce SAE, and the mechanism may be related to reduction of hippocampal inflammatory responses and improvement in mitochondrial function in mice.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of edaravone on renal injury in rats with aldosterone-induced hypertension.Methods:Twenty-four clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 200-220 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), hypertension group (H group) and edaravone group (E group). The hypertension model was developed by subcutaneously embedding aldosterone osmotic pump (administration rate 0.75 μg·kg -1·h -1) for 4 weeks.After embedding osmotic pump subcutaneously, edaravone 10 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein every day for 4 consecutive weeks in E group, while normal saline 10 ml/kg was injected instead for 4 consecutive weeks in H group.BP-2010A noninvasive manometry device was used to measure the systolic pressure of tail artery before embedding osmotic pump and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after administration.After 4 weeks of administration, the 24 h urinary albumin concentration, plasma creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were measured, the bilateral kidneys were weighed, the right kidney weight/body weight ratio (RKW/BW) was calculated, the glomerular extramesangial matrix area/glomerular area ratio (M/G) was measured by PAS method, and the collagen volume fraction (CVF) was measured by Masson staining method, and the expression of aldosterone receptor (MCR) and type Ⅰ collagen in renal tissues was detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with group S, the systolic pressure was significantly increased, the concentrations of 24-h urinary albumin, plasma Cr and BUN were increased, the RKW/BW ratio, M/G and CVF were increased, and the expression of type Ⅰ collagen and MCR was up-regulated after embedding osmotic pump in group H ( P<0.05). Compared with group H, the systolic pressure was significantly decreased, the concentrations of 24-h urinary albumin, plasma Cr and BUN were decreased, the RKW/BW ratio, M/G and CVF were decreased, and the expression of type Ⅰ collagen and MCR was down-regulated after embedding osmotic pump in group E ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Edaravone can reduce renal injury in rats with aldosterone-induced hypertension, and the mechanism is related to down-regulation of MCR expression.
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Objective:To evaluate the relationship between edaravone-induced inhibition of pressure overload-induced myocardial remodeling and angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT1R)/mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) signaling pathway in rats.Methods:Thirty-six clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2 months, weighing 200-220 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), pressure overload group (POL group) and edaravone group (E group). The cardiac pressure overload was induced by ligation of thoracic aorta for 8 weeks.After the model preparation, 0.9% sodium chloride 10 ml/kg was intraperitoneally injected daily in group POL, and edaravone 10 mg/kg was given instead in group E for 8 consecutive weeks.After the model was successfully established, the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and ventricular shortening fraction (FS) were measured by two-dimensional ultrasound.The animals were sacrificed by bloodletting, and the heart weight/body weight ratio (HW/BW ratio) was calculated.Myocardial tissues were obtained for determination of the cross-sectional area (MSA) after HE staining, the collagen volume fraction (CVF) (using Masson′s staining), the expression of AT1R and StAR (by immunohistochemistry), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK phosphorylation levels (p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 ratio and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK ratio) (by Western blot) and the aldosterone content (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results:Compared with group S, the HW/BW ratio, MSA and CVF were significantly increased, EF and FS were decreased, AT1R and StAR expression was up-regulated, and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 ratio, p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK ratio and aldosterone content were increased in group POL ( P<0.05). Compared with POL group, the HW/BW ratio, MSA and CVF were significantly decreased, EF and FS were increased, AT1R and StAR expression was down-regulated, and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 ratio, p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK ratio and aldosterone content were decreased in group E ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism of edaravone-induced inhibition of pressure overload-induced myocardial remodeling is probably associated with inhibiting the activation of AT1R/MAPKs/StAR signaling pathway in rats.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of sulfentanyl and tropisetron postoperative analgesia pump on perioperative interleukin 6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and insulin resistance in patients undergoing abdominal general anesthesia.@*Methods@#From March 2016 to March 2017, 120 patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery in our hospital were selected, all patients were treated with general anesthesia.The patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group according to the digital table, with 60 cases in each group.The control group was treated with on-demand delivery analgesia.The observation group was treated with sulfentanyl and tropisetron postoperative analgesia pump for postoperative analgesia.The BCS score, VAS score, Ramsay score at the end of operation and after operation were compared.The TNF-α, ISI, IL-6, insulin levels and blood glucose levels of preoperation and postoperation were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, the BCS score and Ramsay score of postoperative 0.5d[(2.78±0.57)points, (2.27±0.39)points], postoperative 1d[(3.04±0.48)points, (2.36±0.50)points], postoperative 1.5d[(3.24±0.51)points, (2.43±0.49)points], postoperative 2d[(3.35±0.43)points, (2.51±0.42)points] in the observation group increased (t=-18.604, -8.65, -8.204, -3.967, t=-9.634, -4.864, -4.610, -2.604, all P<0.05), the VAS scores of postoperative 0.5d[(2.4±1.1)points], postoperative 1 d[(1.8±0.8)points], postoperative 1.5d[(1.7±0.5)points], postoperative 2d[(1.7±0.9)points] in the observation group were lower (t=2.082, 4.834, 7.934, 3.098, all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the insulin, blood sugar, TNF-α, IL-6 of postoperative 0.5d[(7.26±2.17)mU/L, (5.63±0.58)mmol/L, (148.96±20.31)g/L, (120.54±22.27)pg/mL], postoperative 1d[(7.37±1.74)mU/L, (5.34±0.50)mmol/L, (121.35±21.07)μg/L, (116.35±21.01)pg/mL], postoperative 1.5d[(6.57±2.14)mU/L, (5.11±0.50)mmol/L, (114.36±23.99)μg/L, (113.14±18.05)pg/mL], postoperative 2d[(5.87±1.84)mU/L, (4.87±0.51)mmol/L, (100.02±18.13)μg/L, (91.37±14.88)pg/mL] in the observation group were lower (t=9.374, 11.698, 6.455, 10.161, t=8.557, 13.027, 9.990, 8.541, t=6.730, 7.917, 7.811, 2.326, t=8.003, 7.225, 3.839, -7.618, all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the ISI of postoperative 0.5d[(24.77±0.26)×1 000], postoperative 1d[(25.03±0.21)×1 000], postoperative 1.5d[(29.65±0.17)×1 000], postoperative 2d[(34.54±0.19)×1 000] in the observation group were increased (t=-281.912, -442.121, -248.226, -431.857, all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The analgesic effect of sulfentanyl and tropisetron postoperative analgesia pump is good, it can reduce the postoperative stress response and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, and reduce the degree of insulin resistance, and can be widely used in clinical.
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Objective To investigate the effect of sulfentanyl and tropisetron postoperative analgesia pump on perioperative interleukin 6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and insulin resistance in patients undergoing abdominal general anesthesia.Methods From March 2016 to March 2017,120 patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery in our hospital were selected ,all patients were treated with general anesthesia.The patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group according to the digital table ,with 60 cases in each group.The control group was treated with on -demand delivery analgesia.The observation group was treated with sulfentanyl and tropisetron postoperative analgesia pump for postoperative analgesia.The BCS score,VAS score,Ramsay score at the end of operation and after operation were compared.The TNF-α,ISI,IL-6,insulin levels and blood glucose levels of preoperation and postoperation were compared between the two groups .Results Compared with the control group ,the BCS score and Ramsay score of postoperative 0.5d[(2.78 ±0.57) points,(2.27 ±0.39) points],postoperative 1d [(3.04 ±0.48)points,(2.36 ±0.50) points],postoperative 1.5d[(3.24 ±0.51) points,(2.43 ±0.49) points], postoperative 2d[(3.35 ±0.43) points,(2.51 ±0.42) points] in the observation group increased ( t＝-18.604,-8.65,-8.204,-3.967,t＝-9.634,-4.864,-4.610,-2.604,all P＜0.05),the VAS scores of postopera-tive 0.5d[(2.4 ±1.1) points],postoperative 1 d[(1.8 ±0.8) points],postoperative 1.5d[(1.7 ±0.5) points], postoperative 2d[(1.7 ±0.9)points] in the observation group were lower (t＝2.082,4.834,7.934,3.098,all P＜0.05).Compared with the control group ,the insulin,blood sugar,TNF-α,IL-6 of postoperative 0.5d[(7.26 ± 2.17)mU／L,( 5.63 ±0.58 ) mmol／L, ( 148.96 ±20.31 ) g／L, ( 120.54 ±22.27 ) pg／mL], postoperative 1d [(7.37 ±1.74)mU／L,(5.34 ±0.50)mmol／L,(121.35 ±21.07) μg／L,(116.35 ±21.01) pg／mL],postoperative 1.5d[(6.57 ±2.14)mU／L,(5.11 ±0.50)mmol／L,(114.36 ±23.99)μg／L,(113.14 ±18.05)pg／mL],postoper-ative 2d[(5.87 ±1.84)mU／L,(4.87 ±0.51) mmol／L,(100.02 ±18.13) μg／L,(91.37 ±14.88) pg／mL] in the observation group were lower ( t ＝9.374,11.698,6.455,10.161,t ＝8.557,13.027,9.990,8.541,t ＝6.730, 7.917,7.811,2.326,t＝8.003,7.225,3.839,-7.618,all P＜0.05).Compared with the control group ,the ISI of postoperative 0.5d[(24.77 ±0.26)×1 000],postoperative 1d[(25.03 ±0.21)×1 000], postoperative 1.5d [(29.65 ±0.17)×1 000],postoperative 2d[(34.54 ±0.19)×1 000] in the observation group were increased (t＝-281.912,-442.121,-248.226,-431.857,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The analgesic effect of sulfentanyl and tropisetron postoperative analgesia pump is good ,it can reduce the postoperative stress response and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α,and reduce the degree of insulin resistance ,and can be widely used in clinical.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of propofol on high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Thirty-six clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3 months,weighing 250 -300 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (group S),hepatic I/R group (group I/R) and propofol group (group P).Hepatic I/R injury was induced by occluding the portal vein and hepatic artery supplying the left and middle lobes of the liver for 1 h followed by 6-h reperfusion in anesthetized rats.Propofol was infused via the tail vein at a rate of 12 mg ·kg-1 · h-1 starting from 20 min before ischemia until 6 h of reperfusion in group P.The rats were sacrificed at 6 h of reperfusion,and the left lobe of the liver was removed for microscopic examination of the pathological changes which were scored and for determination of the expression of HMGB1,TLR4,tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-6) in liver tissues (by Western blot).Results Compared with group S,pathological scores of liver tissues were significantly increased,and the expression of HMGB1,TLR4,TNF-α and IL-6 was up-regulated in I/R and P groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,pathological scores of liver tissues were significantly decreased,and the expression of HMGB1,TLR4,TNF-α and IL-6 was down-regulated in group P (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which propofol reduces liver I/R injury is associated with blocking HMGB-1/TLR4 signaling pathway and inhibiting inflammatory responses in rats.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane postconditioning on autophagy during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Forty-five clean-grade healthy male SpragueDawley rats,weighing 280-350 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=15 each) using a random number table method:sham operation group (S group),cerebral I/R group (I/R group) and sevoflurane postconditioning group (SP group).Focal cerebral I/R injury model was established by Zea-Longa method in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats.The animals in SP group inhaled 2.4％ sevoflurane for 30 min starting from onset of reperfusion.The expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3 and beclin-1 was detected by Western blot at 2 h of reperfusion.The cerebral cortex was removed for examination of the morphology and number of autophagosomes with an electron microscope.Neurological deficit was assessed and scored at 24 h of reperfusion.Rats were sacrificed at 72 h of reperfusion for determination of the cerebral infarct size.Results Compared with S group,the neurological deficit score was significantly increased,the percentage of cerebral infarct size was increased,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio in cerebral cortex was increased,the expression of beclin-1 was up-regulated,and the number of autophagosomes was increased in I/R and SP groups (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,the neurological deficit score was significantly decreased,the percentage of cerebral infarct size was decreased,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio in cerebral cortex was decreased,the expression of beclin-1 was down-regulated,and the number of autophagosomes was reduced in SP group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane postconditioning mitigates focal cerebral I/R injury through inhibiting autophagy in rats.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Disposcope endoscope(DE)-guided nasotrache-al intubation in patients with difficult airway by comparing with fiberoptic bronchoscope(FOB). Methods One hundred and twenty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ-Ⅲ patients of both se-xes, with body mass index<25 kg∕m2, aged 18-64 yr, with mouth opening<3 cm, of Mallampati classifi-cation Ⅲ or Ⅳ, undergoing maxillofacial surgery requiring nasotracheal intubation were divided into DE group(n=60)and FOB group(n=60)using a random number table.Nasotracheal intubation was per-formed under the guidance of DE or FOB after induction of anesthesia.Glottis exposure was evaluated using Cormack-Lehane grade.Epistaxis during intubation, successful intubation, time and degree of glottis expo-sure, intubation time and development of tachycardia and hypertension and requirement for assisted ventila-tion with face mask during intubation were recorded.The patients were followed up postoperatively, and the development of intubation-related complications was also recorded.Results Compared with group FOB, glottis exposure time and incubation time were significantly shortened(P<0.05), and no significant change was found in Cormack-Lehane grade, rate of successful incubation, rate of successful intubation at first attempt or intubation-related complications in group DE(P>0.05). Hypertension and tachycardia were not found and no patients required assisted ventilation with face mask during intubation in the two groups.Conclusion DE-guided nasotracheal intubation provides similar efficacy to that of FOB with shorter time and is an optimal selection for the patients with difficult airway.
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OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of Baiyi rectal solution. METHODS:The effects of water amount and extraction time on extraction technology were investigated by central composite design-response surface method using OD value of berberine hydrochloride and ferulic acid and the extract yield as index. Validation test was also conducted. RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology was as 11-fold water,decocting 70 min for the first time;5-fold water,decocting 30 min for the second time. In validation test,OD value of first extraction was 0.940 0,and the bias between observed and predicted values was -2.07%;that of second extraction was 0.851 8,and the bias was -2.41%. CONCLUSIONS:The extraction technology of Baiyi rectal solution is reasonable,feasible and suitable for industrial production.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects of compound Shenqi soft capsules in the children with functional dyspepsia(FD). Methods:A stratified random,parallel,control and non-blind design was used,and the children with FD were randomly divided into groups after stratified by age. The children in the trial group were given compound Shenqi soft capsules,one capsule for the children with age under three and two capsules for the children with age over three,tid. The control group was treated with compound Shenqi granules,half a bag for the children with age under three and 1 bag for the children with age over three,tid. The treatment course was one month. The two groups were compared by the symptoms of bellyache,abdominal distension,early satiety,belching and nausea. The electrogastrogram was analyzed in two groups. Results:Compound Shenqi soft capsules could improve the symptoms of ballyache,abdominal distension,early satiety,belching and nausea obviously,increase normal rhythm and reduce bradygastria obviously,and there were significant differences compared with those before the treatment(P < 0. 05). The trial group was better than the control group in the improvement of ballyache,abdominal ditension,early satiety and bradygastria,and the difference was significant(P < 0. 05). The total effective rate of the trial group was 91. 9% ,while that of the control group was 78. 3% ,and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0. 05). Conclusion:The clinical effect of compound Shenqi soft capsules is satisfied without any adverse reaction during the test,suggesting the capsules are suitable for clinical application.
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Objective To observe the effect of two kinds of antibiotic therapeutic combined with humanistic care for neonates with infectious pneumonia and for intestinal micro ecology.Methods 210 neonates with infectious pneumonia and without complications from March 2011 to July 2013 were randomly divided into the cephalosporins group(n =50),the penicillins group(n =48)and the combination group(n =52),60 healthy neonates were selected as control.The cure rate,cure time in these groups were compared and the intestinal micro flora were calculated after 5 days with antibiotic treatment to evaluate the antibiotic effect to neonatal intestinal micro ecology.Results There was no significant difference between the cure rate of the cephalosporins group (76.00%),penicillins group (70.83%)and combination group(71.15%)(χ2 =2.517,P >0.05).The bifidobacteria quantity in the drug groups was significantly lower than that in the control group(t =4.600,3.634,4.275,all P 0.05).Conclusion Cephalosporin antibiotics and combination is not superior to penicillin,but in-clined to combined medication;antibiotics will destroy the neonatal intestinal micro ecological imbalance,endanger the health of newborn.
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Objective To evaluate the function status of motor nerve in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome ( CTS) sensory neuropathy by single-fiber conduction studies ( SF-CS).Methods Forty patients with CTS were divided into two groups according to the nerve conduction abnormality of median nerve .The sensory conduction abnormalities ( SCA) group included 20 patients with abnormal sensory conduction , while the sensory motor conduction abnormalities ( SMCA) group included 20 patients with abnormal motor sensory conduction.The Keypoint.net electromyogram device was used to detect the wrist to the abductor pollicis brevis latency , using the saddle shaped stimulating electrodes for stimulating and the single fiber electromyography electrode for recording.The control group included 20 healthy people.Results The latency of single-fiber conduction of median nerve in SCA group , SMCA group and control group was (3.92 ±0.28) ms, (4.71 ±0.49) ms and (3.41 ±0.31) ms (F=63.829, P=0.000), respectively.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.920 for the latency of single-fiber conduction of median nerve , and its specificity was 85%in cut off point.Conclusions There is clinical motor nerve damage in patients with CTS sensory neuropathy.The SF-CS may become an effective means for early evaluation of motor nerve function state.
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Objective To evaluate the impairment of ulnar nerve and its relationship with sensory symptoms in the ulnar territory in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) through electrophysiological approach.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 55 cases with CTS admitted in our hospital from January 2012 to February 2013.Patients with CTS were graded as mild-moderate (35 cases) and severe (20 cases) according to Stevens standard and were divided into symptomatic and non-symptomatic group according to the presence of sensory symptom in little finger region.Twenty healthy volunteers were included as control.Median and ulnar nerves electrophysiological study were performed using the Keypoint.net (Medoc Ltd) electromyogram device.Results Finger 5-wrist sensory conduction velocities (SCVs) of ulnar nerve were reduced ((51.71 ± 2.93) m/s vs (58.62 ± 3.21) m/s,t =8.80,P ＜ 0.01) in CTS group,compared with control group.But the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes had no difference.Pearson correlation analysis showed that finger 5-wrist SCVs and the SNAP amplitudes of ulnar nerve were negatively correlated with the distal motor latency of the median nerve,while positively correlated with the compound muscle action potential amplitudes,finger 1-wrist,finger 3-wrist SCVs and SNAP amplitudes of median nerve,in mild-moderate group,finger 5-wrist SCVs of ulnar nerve were slowed and the SNAP amplitudes were reduced ((51.59 ±2.70) m/s vs (53.72 ±2.58) m/s; (13.51 ± 1.84) μV vs (15.21 ±2.16) μV,t =2.24,2.30,P ＜ 0.05 respectively) in the symptomatic group,compared with the non-symptomatic group.However,in severe group,only 2 cases had sensory symptom in little finger region.Conclusions CTS patients may have impairments due to ulnar nerve entrapments at wrist,which aggravate with disease progression.Sensory symptoms in ulnar territory are more frequent during the mild-moderate stage,and may relate with ulnar nerve involvement.
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Objective:By cocculture with mesenchymal stem cells as feeder cells,we observe whether we can isolate and culture embryonic stem cells(ES cells)which maintain undifferentiated and multipotential. Methods :tissues and cell types were used in basical research to cure disease. The blastocysts of 3.5 d from Kunming species mice were collected and cultured on mesenchymal stem cells layers. The embryonic stem cell colonies were preliminarily identified by light microscope AKP staining and 0ct-4 staining in morphology and biological character. Results:The embryonic stem cell colonies by cocculture with mesenchymal stem cells as feeder cells were identified. The results showed that: 1. all the ES cells had its typical morphological characteristics such as nestlike colonies,round or elliptic,with clear edge and smooth surface,strong refraction ,significant swelling growth,compactness of cell aggragation and indistinction between two edges of neighbour cells within a colony,relatively bigger nuclear compared with little cytoplasm,i.e.,high ratio of the nuclear- cytoplasm; 2.after the AKP staining,all of the ES cells showed strong AKP activity as same as the ES cells of F0,and on the contrary,the embryonic fibroblast cells had no expression of AKP showing the lost of staining;3. after the Oct-4 staining,all of the ES cells showed strong Occt-4 activity. Conclusion:By cocculture with mesenchymal stem cells as cells,we can isolate and culture embryonic stem cells (ES cells) which maintain undifferentiated and multipotential.
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Objective To explore the effects of biomimetic electrical stimulation on inducing differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) into cardiomyocyte-like cells in isolated myocardium.Methods MSCs and cardiac myocytes from SD rats were isolated and cultured by modified method.MSCs were then co-cultured with cardiac myocytes(MSCs/ cardiomyocyte co-culture system).The co-culture system was divided into stimulated group and non-stimulated group.MSCs cells in stimulated group were given supra-threshold square biphasic pulses stimulation(5ms duration,0.5Hz,10V) lasting for 2h each day,while in non-stimulated group were routinely cultured.Each group was divided into three subgroups according to the incubation time of 3,5 and 7 days.The characteristic morphology of MSCs in every subgroup was observed under light microscope.The expression of cTnT in MSCs was detected by immunofluorescence.The rate of cTnT positive expression was also compared between two groups.Results The growth and frequency of myocardial wave of MSCs cells in stimulated group were better or higher than those in non-stimulated group.No expression of cTnT was detected in non-stimulated group at the 5th day of the experiment,while a few MSCs cells in the stimulated group expressed cTnT at the same time point.The cTnT expression was detected in the MSCs cells in the both groups on the 7th day.The rate of cTnT positive expression in stimulated group(20.98%?5.55%) was significantly higher than that in non-stimulated group(13.20%?3.98%,P